ʻO 2021 ka makahiki 100 o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka insulin. ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o ka insulin ʻaʻole i hoʻohuli wale i ka hopena o nā maʻi maʻi maʻi i make ma hope o ka maʻi maʻi, akā hoʻolaha pū kekahi i ka ʻike kanaka i ka biosynthesis protein, ka ʻano kristal, nā maʻi autoimmune a me ka lāʻau lapaʻau pololei. I nā makahiki he 100 i hala iho nei, ua loaʻa iā 4 Nobel Prizes no ka noiʻi ʻana i ka insulin. I kēia manawa, ma o ka loiloi hou i paʻi ʻia ma Nature Medicine e Carmella Evans-Molina a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, ke nānā nei mākou i ka mōʻaukala o ka insulin a me nā pilikia a mākou e kū nei i ka wā e hiki mai ana.