N'ime ahụ mmadụ, metabolism ike na-adabere na okirikiri tricarboxylic acid, nke na-eji D-glucose dị ka ihe ike. N'ime evolushọn nke na-adịte aka, ahụ mmadụ ewepụtala usoro ndu ọkaibe na nke akọwapụtara nke na-amata na metabolize molekul glucose. Site na mmụba nke ụkpụrụ ndụ ndị mmadụ, ọrịa shuga, "onye na-egbu nkịtị", etinyela ahụike mmadụ n'ihe egwu ma wetara ọha mmadụ ibu arọ akụ na ụba. Ọkwa glucose ọbara ugboro ugboro na injections insulin na-ewetara ndị ọrịa ahụ erughị ala. Enwekwara ihe ize ndụ dị ka ihe isi ike n'ịchịkwa ọgwụ ntụtụ yana mgbasa nke ọrịa ọbara. Ya mere, mmepe nke bionic biomaterials maka ntọhapụ nke insulin ntọhapụ nwere ọgụgụ isi bụ ihe ngwọta dị mma iji nweta njikwa ogologo oge nke ọkwa glucose ọbara na ndị ọrịa nwere ọrịa shuga.

Enwere ọtụtụ ụdị glucose isomers na nri ma mmiri nke ahụ mmadụ. Enzymes ndu nke ahụ mmadụ nwere ike ịmata nke ọma molekul glucose ma nwee ọkwa dị elu. Agbanyeghị, kemịkalụ sịntetik nwere njirimara akọwapụtara nke ụmụ irighiri glucose. Ọdịdị ahụ siri nnọọ ike. Nke a bụ n'ihi na usoro ihe omimi nke ụmụ irighiri glucose na isomers ya (dị ka galactose, fructose, wdg) yiri nnọọ, na ha nwere naanị otu ọrụ hydroxyl, nke siri ike ịmata nke ọma na kemịkalụ. Njikọ kemịkalụ ole na ole a kọrọ na ha nwere ikike nnabata glucose kpọmkwem ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ha niile nwere nsogbu dịka usoro njikọ mgbagwoju anya.

N'oge na-adịbeghị anya, otu Prọfesọ Yongmei Chen na Associate Prọfesọ Wang Renqi nke Shaanxi University of Science and Technology jikọrọ aka na Associate Prọfesọ Mei Yingwu nke Mahadum Zhengzhou iji chepụta ụdị ọhụrụ dabere na usoro bidentate-β- Hydrogel nke cyclodextrin. Site na iwebata otu ụzọ phenylboronic acid dị na 2,6-dimethyl-β-cyclodextrin (DMβCD), a na-emepụta mgbawa molekụla nke kwekọrọ na usoro topological nke D-glucose, nke enwere ike ijikọ ya na ụmụ irighiri D-glucose jikọtara ọnụ. ma hapụ protons, na-eme ka hydrogel zaa, si otú ahụ na-eme ka insulin ebugoro na hydrogel pụta ngwa ngwa na gburugburu ọbara. Nkwadebe nke bidentate-β-cyclodextrin chọrọ naanị nzọụkwụ atọ nke mmeghachi omume, ọ dịghị achọ ọnọdụ njikọ siri ike, na mmepụta mmeghachi omume dị elu. Hydrogel nke nwere bidentate-β-cyclodextrin na-anabata hyperglycemia ngwa ngwa ma wepụta insulin n'ụdị oke oke ndị nwere ọrịa shuga, nke nwere ike nweta njikwa ogologo oge nke ọkwa glucose ọbara n'ime awa 12.